Doctor MJ

Rapid test is a check method to see the body's infection by using a blood sample. Check by rapid test : A blood sample is taken from the tip of the finger. Blood samples are dripped into a rapid test. The solvent liquid and the reagent will be dropped into the same place. Wait for 10-15 minutes. Results will appear in the tool, in the form of strip red.  Read the results of the rapid test. There are several letters or signs that will indicate the results of the test. Ig : Immunoglobuline or antibodies in the blood made by humans specifically against exposure to infection. IgM : Ig M (+) on a rapid test indicates exposure in the near future. IgG : Ig G (+) on a rapid test indicates exposure in the past. If the results of the rapid test show : Ig M (+), Ig G (-), and Ig M (+), Ig G (+) , then the examination should be continued with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Genome Sequencing at a government referral hospital. If ...

Mild symptoms ➡ Fever > 38°C. Cough. Throat pain. Nasal congestion. Malaise.  Moderate symptoms ➡ Fever > 38°C. Out of breath. Cough persistent. Sore throat. In children: Cough and takipneu. Children with mild pneumonia experience coughing or breathing difficulties. Rapid breathing. Breathing frequency : Age < 2 months, ≥ 60 ×/minute. Age > 2-11 months, ≥ 50 ×/minute. Ages 1-5 years, ≥ 40 ×/minute and no signs of severe pneumonia. Severe symptoms ➡ Fever > 38°C There is an airway infection with signs : Increased breathing frequency > 30 ×/minute until shortness of breath (respiratoty distress). Cough. Loss of consciousness. In further tests found : Oxygen saturation < 90% outside air. In blood tests : Leukopenia. Monocyte increase. Increased atypic lymphocytes. Covid-19 case classification for medical personnel. ➡ People without symptoms. People who are asymptoma...

Patients with positive antibody Rapid Test (RT) results that are notified in the hospital will be given medication until the specific examination results prove negative. Empirical antibiotics : ➡ Macrolide : azithromicin 1 × 500 mg for 5-7 days, or ➡ Fluoroquinolone : ​​levofloxacin 1 × 750 mg for 7 days. Anti Virus. High dose of vitamin C for 14 days. Chloroquine phosphate can be added to patients in severe conditions. Symptomatic therapy is symptomatic. Hepatoprotector if SGOT and SGPT increase. Other medicines according to concomitant diseases. Patients with positive results who are treated in hospitals and in emergency facilities, the drug will be given orally. Corticosteroids are prohibited, except in cases with certain comorbidities. For pediatric patients, the drug dosage is adjusted. Indications of patients who need a mechanical ventilator : Breath failure based on blood gas analysis. If blood gas analysis tests cannot be carried out, ox...

Covid-19 examination using Rapid Test antibodies or antigens in cases of contact with positive patients Covid-19. Rapid antibody tests are also used to detect cases of people under surveillance and patients under surveillance in areas that do not have RT-PCR examination facilities. Rapid antibody examination results remain confirmed using RT-PCR. In a health facility, patients will be divided into three groups : ➡ Group of people without symptoms (this group will undergo an antibody Rapid Test, if results) : Negative : an independent quarantine is carried out by applying clean and healthy life, physical distancing, then re-checking on day 10. If the re-examination results are positive, followed by RT-PCR examination twice, for two consecutive days. Positive : independent quarantine is implemented by implementing clean and healthy living, physical distancing. In this group also will be confirmed by RT-PCR examination twice, for two consecutive days. ➡ Monitoring peop...

TUBERCULOSIS. Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which was discovered by Robert Koch on March 24, 1882. Attacking the respiratory tract and can spread to other body parts, such as bones, glands, etc. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease. Transmission of tuberculosis by splashing when the patient coughs, sneezes and speaks of germs comes out through the air and is inhaled by other people. Tuberculosis treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs for at least 6 months. CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19). Covid-19 is a new type of coronavirus discovered in 2019. Attacking the respiratory tract. Including infectious diseases. Transmission of Covid-19 by splashing when an infected person sneezes, coughs, through droplets of fluid from the nose and sticks to the surface of the object, then is touched by a healthy person resulting in transmission. There is no effective specific treatment for Covid-19. Differences in symptoms of Tuberculosis and ...

Cases of Covid-19 infection in children at Yunnan hospital, Kunming, China. Case report. Case 1 ➡ Identity : Boy, 4 year old. Main complaint : cough and cold since 3 days SMRS. Contact History : Grandmother and grandfather just returned from the Wuhan city.  Grandfather, grandmother, father and mother positive Covid-19. Abnormal laboratory results : Leukocytes : 5870/µl Neutrophils : 32.8% (⬇) Lymphogranulocytes : 53.4% ​​(⬆) Monocytes : 12.7% (⬆) CRP : 11.2 mg / L (⬆) Pulmonary CT scan : Spot the 2 upper lobes, right lower lobe, left lower lobe. Suggestive of infection process. RT-PCR : DNA positive SARSCov-2 (Covid-19). CT scan image of case 1 Case 2 ➡ Identity : Girl, 4 year old.  Main complaint : - Contact History : A 10 day contact history with a positive case of Covid-19. Cousin of patient case 1. Abnormal laboratory results : Leukocytes : 6680 / µl Lymphogranulocytes : 42.3% (⬆) Pulmonar...

Digital Anal Rectal Examination includes palpation and visualization of all canals and anal edges (5 cm distal to the anal edge). Preparation ➡ Anamnesis.  Indications and ways of examining Digital Anal Rectal Examination. Providing comfort and privacy to patients. The most frequent position : left leteral. Other positions : lithotomy, prone, right leteral. Implementation ➡ Universal Precaution. Apply the lubricant with or without anesthesia. Hands that do not enter the anus, open the buttocks so that the anus is clearly visible. Lubricate the anal edge, gently pressing the eczema sphicter muscle until relaxation. Insert your index finger until you feel space in the rectum, above the anorectal ring. Do one of two ways : Longitudinal Sweeps. Starting from the proximal rectum, gently pull your finger into the external sphincter. At the anorectal junction, rotate the finger 30° counterclockwise and palpate the anorectal and distal rectum rings. ...

Recurrence of colorectal cancer in anastomosis after colectomy can occur due to implantation of cancer cells in the mucosa around the time the anastomosis is performed. This condition can occur on mucosa that has a defect. One of the ceauses of mucosal damage is anal fistula. Case presentation. This case discusses perianal cancer that is caused due to metastasis from rectal cancer. 68 year old man with a diagnosis of type 2 rectosigmoid colon cancer. The patient has a history of dextra hemiparesis due to cerebral infarction since 2 months ago. Hemiparesis dextra causes surgery to be delayed for several months so as not to trigger a new infarction. To prevent the progress of cancer, systemic chemotherapy is performed. After 1 month of pre-operative chemotherapy, Hartmann's surgery was performed with lymph node D3 dissection. Surgical specimens show the diagnosis of Dukes B with adenocarcinoma and invasion of the tumor to subserose (T3) without lime or venous inf...

Social distancing is an effort to reduce close contact with many people both inside and outside the room. Covid-19 can spread anywhere. Unconsciously when you interact outside the room, you touch and help spread. Covid-19 transmission can be prevented by social distancing. Social distancing can be done in the following way : Reducing activities outside the home. Work and study at home. Avoid public meetings outside the home. Avoid using public transportation that is filled with people. If you feel symptoms of cough and fever, it's better to isolate yourself at home and wear a mask. If symptoms get worse contact your local health call center.

Stay at home. Do not do any activity outside the home and do all the work at home for 14 days. Send messages without meeting. When isolating, it is permissible to order food or goods from outside. Send a message to the deliveryman to place the item at the door and take the item after the deliveryman leaves. Separate yourself. Be sure to use a room with a separate ventilation and door. Avoid using items together. Contact the hospital. If you feel the symptoms of cough and flu immediately contact the nearest hospital or health facility. Check your rubbish. Rubbish such as tissue, masks and the like that have been used must be wrapped in plastic and must be disposed of separately.

What is a Coronavirus ? Coronavirus is a virus that causes disease in animals or humans. In humans, coronaviruses cause mild disease (such as common cold) to severe degrees (such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome/ MERS or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/ SARS). In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus appeared in the city of Wuhan, China. It is called the novel coronavirus-2019, which caused COVID-19 disease. What are the symptoms of COVID-19 ? Common symptoms of COVID-19 : Fever. Tired. Dry cough. Some patients may complain of myalgia. Nasal Congestion. Throat pain. Diarrhea. In asymptomatic patients, the majority of cases (80%) can recover without the need for special therapy. The mortality rate from COVID-19 cases is 2%. Only 1 in 6 COVID-19 patients have fatal symptoms, such as shortness of breath. Severe cases generally occur in elderly patients or patients who have a history of the disease, such as : Hypertension. Heart disease. Diabetes. ...

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is often equated with a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Though both of them are two different things. Difference between Sudden Cardiac Death and heart attack. Sudden Cardiac Death : electrical disorders, this condition occurs due to malfunction of the heart's electrical system which causes the heart to stop beating. Death can occur quickly if not handled properly. Heart attack : circulatory disorders, a condition when blood flow to the heart stops due to a blockage in the arteries that causes death of heart muscle cells. From various studies, it is estimated that Sudden Cardiac Death occurs in 50-100 people out of 100,000 population in the world. Risk factors for Sudden Cardiac Death. Risk factors for SCD are related to their etiology. The following are Sudden Cardiac Death risk factors : Demographics ➡ Increasing age.  Male gender.  African-American or non Asian ethnicity.  Coronary heart disease ris...

ADVANCE CARDIAC LIVE SUPPORT (ACLS).  Start heart-lung resuscitation : give O² and attach a defibrillator monitor ➡ rhythm shockable? Yes ➡ ventricular/ pulseless ventricular tachycardia ➡ schock ➡ heart-lung resuscitation for 2 minutes : intravenous/ intraosscous access ➡ shock shockable rhythm? No ➡ schock ➡ heart-lung resuscitation for 2 minutes : epinephrine every 3-5 minutes and consider advanced airway; capnography ➡ rhythm shockable? No ➡ schock ➡ heart-lung resuscitation for 2 minutes : amiodarone/ lidocain and treat reversible causes. Start heart-lung resuscitation : give O² and attach a defibrillator monitor ➡ rhythm shockable? No ➡ asistol/ pulseless electrical activity ➡ heart-lung resuscitation for 2 minutes : intravenous/ intraosscous access, epinephrine every 3-5 minutes and consider advanced airway; capnography ➡ rhythm shockable? No ➡ heart-lung resuscitation for 2 minutes : intravenous/ intraosscous access ➡ rhythm shockable? No ➡ if there is no RO...

Achalasia is a condition of loss of the ability of the esophagus to push food or drink from the mouth to the stomach. Achalasia commonly occurs in people with dysphagia to solids and fluids, and regurgitation is unresponsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy trials. Diagnosis of Achalasia. Patients who are suspected of achalasia and show no evidence of mechanical obstruction on endoscopy or esophagram must undergo an esophageal motility test. There is an esophageal dilation, a narrow esophagogastric junction with features such as bird's beak, aperistalsis and poor barium emptying. Barium esophagram is recommended to assess esophageal emptying and esophagogastric junction morphology in people with questionable motility tests. It is recommended to conduct endoscopic assessment of the esophagogastric junction and gastric cardia in all patients with achalasia to rule out pseudoacalasia. Treatment. Initial therapy ➡ Staged pneumatic dilatation or laparoscopic my...

Wabah : pada suatu wilayah secara tiba-tiba banyak orang yang terjangkit suatu penyakit.  Epidemi : pada suatu wilayah secara tiba-tiba banyak orang yang terjangkit suatu penyakit dan penyebarannya sangat cepat.  Pandemi : penyebaran suatu penyakit sudah mencakup wilayah global.  Siapa yang berhak menyatakan suatu penyakit memiliki status pandemi atau endemi?  WHO. Artinya WHO memiliki kriteria tertentu hingga suatu penyakit dinyatakan sebagai pandemi atau endemi.  Apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai warga dunia menyikapi penyebaran penyakit COVID-19 yang sudah dinyatakan pandemi?   Sebagai warga negara, wajib menunggu kebijakan pemerintah terkait masalah tersebut berdasarkan data dan penilaian dari banyak ahli yang berwenang.  Meskipun WHO telah menyatakan COVID-19 berstatus pandemi, tetapi pemerintah Indonesia hingga saat ini belum mengeluarkan kebijakan resmi terkait hal tersebut. Maka upaya preventif dapat dimulai dari d...

Transmission from human to human : Via airway droplets such as coughing and sneezing. Touch personal or handshake. Contact with polluted environment. Touching objects or surfaces exposed to the nCoV-2019 virus, then the hands touch the mouth, nose or eyes before washing hands. Stool contamination. Infectious aerosols : Droplets can occur when someone laughs, talks, coughs and sneezes. When sneezing, someone produces 40,000 droplets that will evaporate with a diameter of 0.5-12 um. When coughing ➡ someone produces 3000 droplets. When talking for 5 minutes ➡ someone produces 3000. Cleaning and disinfecting use.  Coronavirus is sensitive to heat and is effectively activated by lipid solvents, such as : Temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes. Ether. 75% alcohol. Chlorine-disinfectant. Peroxyaceticacid and chloroform. Chlorhexidineis is not effective in inactivating the virus. 75% alcohol use can be used for the skin. W...

Why did Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) appear in Wuhan, China? The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) first appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan because the city sells wild animals for consumption. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes infectious disease Covid-19. Where does Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) come from? Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a Zoonotic virus, a virus originating from animals, such as MERS, SARS, Avian Influenza, etc. How is the transmission? Initially the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was transmitted from animals ➡ humans. Then the transmission continues from humans ➡ humans.  What needs to be done to prevent transmission of the virus? Always maintain pet hygiene and health. Do not keep wild animals such as snakes, crocodiles, bats, etc. Because the viruses carried by these animals can be transmitted to humans. Where do the genetics Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) come from? Information : The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has 9...