Doctor MJ

Prevention of HIV transmission after sexual abuse is short-term antiretroviral therapy to reduce the risk of HIV infection after experiencing sexual abuse. Initial assessment : Clinical assessment of the type of sexual assault. Test for HIV of a person experiencing sexual abuse. Wound treatment. Counseling : Risk of contracting HIV. Antiretroviral benefits and risks. Drug side effects. Adherence counseling. Antiretroviral therapy: Antiretroviral drugs should be started immediately after infection. Antiretrovirals are given for 28-30 days. Assessment of comorbidity and drug interactions used. Follow-up : Anti HIV test, 3 months after exposure. Antiretroviral therapy if HIV positive. Adults ➡️ Antiretroviral options : TDF (tenofovir) + 3TC (lamivudine)/FTC (emtricitabine) + LPV/r (lopinavir/rotonavir). Antiretroviral alternatives : TDF + 3TC / FTC + EFV (efavirens) AZT (zidovudine) + 3TC + LPV/r AZT + 3TC + EFV Age <10 years ➡️ Antiretroviral options : AZT + 3TC + PV/r Antiretroviral

Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCoV) -OC43 is a corona virus that often infects children and causes mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. There are 6 types of Human Coronavirus : HCoV-OC43. HCoV-299E. HCoV-HKU 1. HCoV-NL63. SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV. Although HCoV-OC43 more frequently infects the upper respiratory tract, there have been several cases of symptoms of serious infection in immunocompromised children. Case study reports. Children aged 5 years have symptoms of febrile neutropenia and pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal swab sample confirmed HCoV-OC43 infection. The clinical manifestations improve after the leukocyte count increases. An 11-month-old infant with immunodeficiency developed encephalitis due to HCoV-OC43 infection after receiving a cord blood transplant and died 1.5 months thereafter. The 9 month old infant has persistent respiratory infections due to HCoV-OC43 and encephalitis. Doctor must be aware of the risk of fatal complications caused by HCoV-OC43 infection in imm

United Kingdom was report the mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on December 14, 2020. Mutations of variant B117 have been reported in 33 countries. Researchers indicated that variant B.1.1.7 is transmissible more rapidly and is more infectious. However, to date there is no evidence that variant B.1.1.7 causes more severe disease symptoms or a higher mortality rate. Various countries have vaccinated against COVID-19 in several populations. Can the COVID-19 vaccination also protect the population from the SARS-CoV-2 B117 virus variant? Research on this virus and its vaccine is still developing, researchers state that the COVID-19 vaccine that has received a distribution license also provides protection for the B117 variant. The vaccines that have been circulated trigger a fairly broad immune response, so that mutations in the virus will not affect the effectiveness of the vaccine. What should be done to prevent infection with the new variant B.1.1.7? Everyone should focus on preventing tr

The United Kingdom and Northern Ireland reported to WHO about the SARS-CoV-2 mutation identified through a viral genome called VUI 202012/01 (Variant Under Investigation, year 2020, month 12, variant 01) or B.1.1.7 What are the implications of the SARS-CoV-2 mutation on the viral, diagnostic, therapeutic and immune effects acquired through vaccination? B.1.1.7 is a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 which is formed from 23 types of mutations : 14 non-synonymous mutations (amino acid changes [AA]). 6 synonymous mutations (non-AA). 3 deletions with N501Y as the mutation considered to be the most significant. B.1.1.7 is predominantly patients aged < 60 years and mean age 11-70 years. Mutation is a natural process that can occur as long as the virus replicates and circulates in humans. Mutations identified in variation VUI 202012/01 or B.1.1.7 : N501Y ➡️ Amino acid mutations that are included in the six key residues in the receptor binding domain (RBD). There was a substitution of asparagine (N)

Phylogenetic cases of reinfection of the SARS-CoV-2 variant have been reported. Reinfection can result in several things : Limitation of immunity induced by primary infection. The ability of the virus is good in avoiding the immune response due to previous infections. The mutation of the corona virus variant VOC 202012/01 occurred in the United Kingdom and South Africa in December 2020. This mutation of the virus attracted worldwide attention, namely the 501Y.V2 variant and the P.1 variant.  Case reports of mutations for corona virus variants 501Y.V2 and P.1 : 18 December 2020 ➡️ South Africa reports emergence and transmission of variants 501Y.V2 or B.1.351. This variant has several mutations in common with variant B.1.1.7 which appeared since October 2020. As of January 13, 2021, South Africa has recorded 349 cases of 501Y.V2. Since 19 January 2021, there have been 570 cases of mutation of the 501Y.V2 variant in 23 countries, including Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, D