Transmission from human to human :
- Via airway droplets such as coughing and sneezing.
- Touch personal or handshake.
- Contact with polluted environment.
- Touching objects or surfaces exposed to the nCoV-2019 virus, then the hands touch the mouth, nose or eyes before washing hands.
- Stool contamination.
Infectious aerosols : Droplets can occur when someone laughs, talks, coughs and sneezes.
When sneezing, someone produces 40,000 droplets that will evaporate with a diameter of 0.5-12 um.
When coughing ➡ someone produces 3000 droplets.
When talking for 5 minutes ➡ someone produces 3000.
Cleaning and disinfecting use.
Coronavirus is sensitive to heat and is effectively activated by lipid solvents, such as :
- Temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes.
- Ether.
- 75% alcohol.
- Chlorine-disinfectant.
- Peroxyaceticacid and chloroform.
- Chlorhexidineis is not effective in inactivating the virus.
- 75% alcohol use can be used for the skin.
- Warm up 20 minutes after boiling for cutlery and clothes.
- Sterilizing tools that require immersion, heated 100°C are used for small appliances.
- Natural ultraviolet light from sunlight.
- Air vents to produce clean air.
- Solution 5‰ potassium permanganate is used to disinfect tableware, vegetables and fruit after soaking for 1 minute, then washed with boiled water.
- Bleach 1-3% bleach can be used to clean tables, chairs, floors and walls.
Research report on the first 41 patients with Covid-19 infection.
- Complications arising ARDS (29%) ➡ ICU (85%).
- 7% shock.
- Prognosis : treated (17%), discharged (68%), dead (15%).
- Usage.
Treatment.
Therapy given :
- Antibiotics (100%).
- Antiviral (93%).
- Corticosteroid use (22% WHO does not recommend).
Covid-19 has not found a cure, the therapy is given only to relieve symptoms not to kill the virus. The nCoV-2019 virus infection can heal itself by the body's immune system. Drugs given during therapy are only symptomatic.
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