Digital Anal Rectal Examination includes palpation and visualization of all canals and anal edges (5 cm distal to the anal edge).
Preparation ➡
- Anamnesis.
- Indications and ways of examining Digital Anal Rectal Examination.
- Providing comfort and privacy to patients.
- The most frequent position : left leteral.
- Other positions : lithotomy, prone, right leteral.
Implementation ➡
- Universal Precaution.
- Apply the lubricant with or without anesthesia.
- Hands that do not enter the anus, open the buttocks so that the anus is clearly visible.
- Lubricate the anal edge, gently pressing the eczema sphicter muscle until relaxation.
- Insert your index finger until you feel space in the rectum, above the anorectal ring.
Do one of two ways :
Longitudinal Sweeps.
- Starting from the proximal rectum, gently pull your finger into the external sphincter.
- At the anorectal junction, rotate the finger 30° counterclockwise and palpate the anorectal and distal rectum rings.
- Repeat in the right lateral position, feeling circumferentially for palpating the anorectal ring and distal rectum.
- Palpate the prostate anterolateral sulcus and anterior anal canal.
Circumferential Sweeps.
- Apply gentle pressure to the lateral wall of the rectum.
- Gently pull your finger to the sphincter area that holds the finger (anal canal).
- Touch circumferentially around the anal canal and press smoothly on the lateral wall.
- Gently pull the finger and feel the circumference of the anal canal.
Assessment ➡
Inspection :
- Hemorrhoids.
- Skin tag.
- Recluse prolapse.
- Fissura.
- Warts.
- Scar.
- Pruritus ani.
Palpation :
- Internal anal sphincter tone.
- Prostate examination (tenderness, consistency, size).
- Examination of female organs (retroverted uterus, cervix, Douglas pouch).
Pelvic Floor dysfunction tests :
- Ask the patient to push to remove the examiner's finger.
- Normal anal sphincter and puborectal relaxation and perineum decrease by 1-3.5 cm.
Note : check for blood, mucus or pus and faecal color.
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