Doctor MJ

Alopecia areata is hair loss caused by an attack of the body's immune system (autoimmune) against the follicle. This condition occurs on the scalp and other body parts that are overgrown with hair. Alopecia areata can be suffered by men or women of all ages. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease when the body's immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body from viruses or bacteria, makes the mistake of attacking the body itself. As a result, hair follicles become smaller and then stop producing hair, causing baldness. The symptoms. Bald round patterned. Permanent baldness and hair will not grow. The nails are curved and have white lines with a thin and rough surface. Nails can change shape or split. Cause. The cause of autoimmune disorders in cases of alopecia areata is unknown, but is suspected because : Virus infection. Trauma. Hormonal changes. Physical or psychological pressure. Type 1 diabetes. Rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis. Check the condition of the h...

Alkaptonuria is a rare disorder that occurs due to the buildup of homogentisic acid in the body. Resulting in urine or blackened body parts. Alkaptonuria is a genetic disorder inherited from parents. Symptoms of this disease are often overlooked and are seen after sufferers are aged 20-30 years. Homogentisic acid buildup occurs slowly causing cartilage, tendons, bones, nails or black colored ears. Patients with alkaptonuria can live a normal life, even though the quality of life is disrupted due to joint pain or interference with the heart. The symptoms. Symptoms of alkaptonuria can occur from infancy, marked by black spots on baby diapers. Symptoms become more apparent with age in the eyes, ears, nails, skin or other organs. Change the color of sweat. Nails turn blue. Skin color changes on the forehead, cheeks, armpits and genital area. Brown or gray stain on the whites of the eyes. Ear cartilage turns black and blue (ochronosis). Earwax turns black or reddish brown. Early symptoms of...

Allergy is the body's immune system reaction to something that is considered dangerous even though it is actually not dangerous. This can be in the form of substances that enter or come into contact with the body's allergens or substances that trigger allergies only affect people who have these allergies. Substances that can cause allergic reactions : Insect bite. Dust. Animal fur. Drugs. Certain foods. Pollen. When the body first comes into contact with allergens, the body will produce antibodies because it thinks something is dangerous. If the body comes back in contact with the same allergen, the body will increase the amount of antibodies to that type of allergen. This is what triggers the release of chemical compounds in the body (histamine) and causes allergic symptoms. The symptoms. Sneezing. Cough. Out of breath. Rashes on the skin. Runny nose. Swelling in body parts (face, mouth and tongue). Itching and redness of the eyes. Red and watery eyes. Stomach ache. Throw up....

Actinomycosis is a chronic subacute infection caused by the bacterium genus Actinomyces.  Infection is characterized by : Swelling concentrated somewhere. Pus formation due to inflammation (suppuration). Fibrosis. Abscess formation. Discharge of fluid containing sulfur granules from the pus (sinus) channel in the abscess. Actinomycosis is uncommon and the infection is local in one place in the body. Actinomyces bacteria do not have the ability to penetrate body tissue, but can move even though very slowly. Actinomycosis type : Cervicofacial oral actinomycosis ➡ occurs in the mouth, oral cavity, jaw, neck, facial area. Most cases are caused by problems with the jaw (jaw injury), tartar and tooth decay. Thoracic actinomycosis ➡ occurs in the lungs or other respiratory organs. Mostly due to inhalation of saliva or fluid splashes contaminated with actinomyces into the respiratory organs. Abdominal actinomycosis ➡ occurs in the abdomen. The cause of one of them is appendicitis. Pelvic ...

Acromegaly is a disorder of the body due to excess growth hormone (growth hormone), resulting in excessive growth in body tissues, muscles and bones, especially in the legs, hands and face. Acromegaly is generally caused by benign tumors in the pituitary gland (pituitary). Increased growth hormone production can also be caused by tumors in other body organs, such as the lungs or pancreas. Acromegaly is diagnosed in adult patients aged 40-45 years. This condition is rare and rarely symptomatic. Sufferers find themselves stricken with acromegaly after years. Acromegaly can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated immediately. Cause. High production of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Tumors of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is located in the lower part of the brain and functions to produce hormones essential for the body. Check growth hormone will affect IGF-I production, triggering abnormal growth in body tissues, muscles and bones. The symptoms. No...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a condition when fluid collects in the alveoli. Alveoli are small, elastic air sacs in the lungs. A collection of fluids can make the lungs do not fill enough air and oxygen to the bloodstream to be reduced. ARDS causes the kidneys and brain to not work normally or stop functioning because they do not get enough oxygen. ARDS is usually experienced by people with critical illness or experiencing severe injuries. Most ARDS cause death, although there are also patients who can recover completely. The risk of death depends on the age and severity of ARDS. The symptoms. Symptoms experienced by people with ARDS vary, depending on the cause and severity. Breath is very short. Hard to breathe. The frequency of breathing becomes fast. Drop in blood pressure. Loss of consciousness. Feeling very tired. Sweating a lot. Dizzy. Bluish lips or nails. Dry cough. Fever. Fast pulse. Cause. The cause of ARDS is the seepage of fluid from the capillaries (the ...

Acanthosis Nigricans is a non-communicable and harmless skin pigmentation disorder. But, this condition can be a sign of mild to severe health problems.  Acanthosis Nigricans characterized by folds of skin blackened, thickened and textured like velvet cloth. This area of ​​skin gives off an unpleasant, itchy odor. Cause. Not yet known with certainty the cause of Acanthosis Nigricans, this condition is related to insulin resistance. Causes of Acanthosis Nigricans : Obesity ➡ acanthosis nigricans usually arise due to obesity. The more severe, the higher the risk of a nigricikan dose. Insulin resistance ➡ this condition causes the body cannot use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance causes type II diabetes. Taking drugs and supplements ➡  taking drugs and supplements, such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids (prednisone and niacin high doses). Hormonal abnormalities ➡  acanthosis nigricans can occur in...

Agranulocytosis is a condition when bone marrow fails to form granulocytes.  Granulocytes are mostly made up of neutrophils, which are white blood cells that work to fight infection. The body that lacks granulocytes or neutrophils will be susceptible to infection. In normal conditions, bone marrow forms 1,500 blood neutrophils / microliters. In agranulocytosis, the absolute number of neutrophils counts <100 neutrophils / microliters of blood. When the neutrophil count is low, a mild infection can develop into a serious infection. Harmless microbes or germs can be harmful to the body. Agranulocytosis is a fairly serious condition. If not treated immediately can result in sepsis and death. The symptoms. Fever. Limp. Headache. Shivering. Sweating. Redness around the face. Sore throat. Sprue that does not improve. Bleeding gums. A boil appears on the skin. Increasingly severe infections can result in : Tachycardia. Breath becomes fast. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Cause. Agranu...

Agoraphobia is a type of disorder in humans.  Sufferers feel difficulties and avoid the place or difficulties that cause fear, shame, trapped or helpless. Agoraphobic disorders develop after the sufferings of panic attacks increase. If at a public place, sufferers of agoraphobia feel the need to be accompanied by people they trust, because they feel insecure. The symptoms. Physical symptoms ➡ only appear when the patient is in a situation or environment that triggers anxiety. Physical symptoms of agoraphobia : Heart rate and breathing become fast. Feel hot and sweaty. Feeling unwell. Chest pain. Trouble swallowing. Diarrhea. Shaky. Dizzy. Tinnitus. Passed out. Cognitive symptoms ➡ sufferer's feelings or thoughts that can be related to physical symptoms. Symptoms of cognitive agoraphobia : Feelings of fear that panic attacks experienced will be life threatening. Feel like a fool. Afraid. Can not control yourself. Behavioral symptoms ➡ avoid situations that can cause panic attacks,...

Aphasia is a dysfunction of speech caused by abnormalities in the brain. People with this condition are often mistaken in choosing, organizing and interpreting words into a correct sentence. Aphasia can also affect writing skills. Cause. Injury and damage to the part of the brain that processes language. This disease generally attacks adults with stroke. In certain conditions, aphasia is a symptom of epilepsy or neurological disorders. Injury or brain damage resulting in aphasia is caused by : Brain tumor. Infections that affect brain function (encephalitis or meningitis). Severe injuries to the head from falling from a height or accident. Diseases that cause brain cells to suffer damage (dementia or Parkinson's disease). The symptoms. Receptive aphasia ➡ sufferers will find it difficult to understand what the other person is saying even though he can hear it clearly. So that communication responses from sufferers will be chaotic and difficult to understand. Expressive aphasia ➡ su...

Achondroplasia is a disorder of bone growth characterized by a dwarf and disproportionate body. Achondroplasia sufferers have normal breast bone size, but the size of the arms and legs is short. Average height of achondroplasia sufferers : Adult males are 131 cm. Adult women are 124 cm. Even though the physical condition is not normal, achondroplasia sufferers have a normal level of intelligence. Cause. The cause of achondroplasia is genetic mutations. Genetic mutations are permanent changes that occur in the composition of DNA that make up genes. Mutations occur in the FGFR3 gene, the gene that produces the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 protein. This protein plays an important role in the ossification process, namely the process of changing cartilage into hard bone. Mutations in the FGFR3 gene cause proteins to not function normally, thus interfering with changes in cartilage to bone. This condition causes bones to grow shorter and has an abnormal shape, especially the bones in ...

Albinism is a disorder of skin melanin production that causes melanin deficiency or lacks pigment at all. This condition causes the color of the hair, skin and eyes to look very pale or tend to be white. Albinism can be suffered by any ethnic group in the world. The term albino, generally better known to the public. The condition of albinism cannot be cured throughout the life of the sufferer. The symptoms. The skin and hair color of people with albinism vary depending on the level of melanin produced by the body. Albinism sufferers generally have pale skin with white hair or have brown hair. Lack of melanin pigment can cause the skin of people with albinism to burn easily when exposed to direct sunlight. Sun exposure can cause skin cancer. Lack of melanin pigment in the eye can change the iris color (to gray or pale blue), causing distracted vision and light sensitivity. Eye disorders due to albinism : Farsighted. Nearsighted. Astigmatism. Nystagmus. Cause. Albinism is caused by a cha...

Arthritis is inflammation and swelling in the joint area. Cause. Arthritis can be osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, but the most common is osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis the main causative factor is joint trauma. In rheumatoid arthritis, immunological factors play a role. Clinical. The symptoms of arthritis vary depending on which joint is affected. Osteoarthritis : more often attacks the weight-bearing joints, obesity must be avoided. Rheumatoid arthritis : more often attacks small joints (wrists and feet). Can also attack large joints such as (shoulders and hips). Another disease that is similar to arthritis is rheumatism, which originates in soft tissue outside the joint. Swollen, reddened and painful joints. Rheumatoid arthritis usually starts with prodromal symptoms, such as : Weak body. Loss of appetite. Pain and stiffness throughout the body. Symptoms in joints usually occur gradually after a few weeks or months. Pain disappears, is symmetrical bilaterally and is assoc...

Deep Vein Thrombosis is a condition characterized by the discovery of blood clots in the inner veins. Thrombus : blood clots that form in a blood vessel. Thrombus can occur in superficial veins (surface veins) or in deep veins, but what is dangerous is those that form in deep veins. Deep vein thrombosis is very dangerous because all or part of the thrombus can rupture, follow the bloodstream and get stuck in a narrow artery in the lungs that obstructs blood flow. Emboli : nomadic thrombus. The less inflammation around a thrombus, the looser the thrombus attaches to the venous wall and the easier it is to form an embolism. Emphasis on the calf muscles can free up the thrombus that is involved, especially when the patient is active again. Pulmonary embolism : blood in the leg veins will flow to the heart and then to the lungs, emboli from the leg veins can clog one or more arteries in the lungs. Large pulmonary embolism can block all or almost all blood from the right heart and quickly c...

Croup (laryngotrakeobronchitis) is a viral infection that causes inflammation and swelling in the upper respiratory tract (larynx, trachea and bronchi). Croup is characterized by dry cough and shortness of breath. Cause.  Croup is usually caused by a para-influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A and B viruses. The virus is commonly found in the air and is transmitted through sprinkling of saliva or through objects contaminated by the patient's saliva. Croup is most often found in children aged 6 months - 3 years. In severe cases, superinfection can occur by bacteria. This condition is called bacterial tracheitis and must be treated with antibiotics. If an infection occurs in the epiglottis, the entire air pipe can swell and can be fatal. Symptoms.  Croup usually begins with flu-like symptoms. Swelling in the respiratory tract so that the airways narrow and sufferers experience respiratory problems. Respiratory problems, dry cough and hoarseness usuall...

Cerebral Palsy is a condition characterized by : Worsening of muscle control. Stiffness. Paralysis. Impaired nerve function. Cerebral Palsy is not a disease and is not progressive (getting worse). In infants and premature babies, the part of the brain that controls muscle movement is very susceptible to injury. Cause. Cerebral Palsy can be caused by brain injuries that occur when : The baby is still in the womb. The labor process is in progress. Newborn baby. Children less than 5 years old. The cause is unknown, 10%-15% of cases occur due to birth injuries and reduced blood flow to the brain before, during and immediately after the baby is born. Premature babies are very susceptible to this possibility because blood vessels to the brain are not fully developed and are prone to bleeding or because they cannot drain oxygen in sufficient quantities to the brain. Brain injury can be caused by : High levels of bilirubin in the blood (often found in newborns), can cause kernicterus and brai...

Trichuriasis is an infection of trichuris trichiura (whipworm). Cause. Trichuris Trichiura. Clinical. Mild infections usually do not cause symptoms. Severe infections in children cause diarrhea and dysentery. Other symptoms: Fever. Decreased body weight. Sometimes accompanied by prolapsus repair. Diagnosis. Find worm eggs in the stool. Treatment. Mebendazole 100 mg (2 × daily for 3 days) or a single dose of 500 mg. Albendazole 400 mg (for 3 days). Should not be used during pregnancy. Prevention. Maintain environmental and personal cleanliness. Defecate in the closet. Wash clean vegetables that are eaten raw. Wash your hands before eating.

Taeniasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by adult worms taenia siginata, taenia solium and taenia asiatica. Taenia solium larval infection is called cysticercosis with symptoms of a lump (nodules) under the skin (subcutaneous cysticercosis). Taenia solium larval infection in the central nervous system is called neurocysticercosis with the main symptoms of epilepsy. Cause. taenia siginata. taenia solium. taenia asiatica. taenia solium larvae . Transmission. The sources of Taeniasis transmission are animals : Pig. Cows that contain tapeworm (cysticercus) larvae. The source of transmission of cysticercosis is Taeniasis Solium patients whose feces contain eggs or tapeworm proglotids and pollute the environment. A person can be infected with tapeworms if eating meat containing larvae and not cooked until cooked. Cysticercosis occurs when taenia solium eggs are swallowed by humans. Cysticercosis is a dangerous disease and a health problem. Clinical. The incubation period is 8-14...