Arthritis is inflammation and swelling in the joint area.
Cause.
Arthritis can be osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, but the most common is osteoarthritis.
- In osteoarthritis the main causative factor is joint trauma.
- In rheumatoid arthritis, immunological factors play a role.
Clinical.
The symptoms of arthritis vary depending on which joint is affected.
- Osteoarthritis : more often attacks the weight-bearing joints, obesity must be avoided.
- Rheumatoid arthritis : more often attacks small joints (wrists and feet). Can also attack large joints such as (shoulders and hips).
Another disease that is similar to arthritis is rheumatism, which originates in soft tissue outside the joint. Swollen, reddened and painful joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis usually starts with prodromal symptoms, such as :
- Weak body.
- Loss of appetite.
- Pain and stiffness throughout the body.
- Symptoms in joints usually occur gradually after a few weeks or months.
- Pain disappears, is symmetrical bilaterally and is associated with cold air.
Osteoarthritis is usually one-sided, symptoms include :
- Joint pain associated with motion.
- Stiff in the joints affected.
- On radiological examination, osteoarthritis shows joint enlargement in the early stages, osteophytes, bone sclerosis and narrowing of cavities between joints.
Deformity can occur in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis after joint destruction.
Diagnosis.
Pain and swelling in the joint area.
Treatment.
Pain in the surrounding joints or soft tissue can be treated with analgesics or with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory given after a meal.
- Acetosal 1 gram 3 times a day.
- Phenylbutason 200 mg 3 times daily.
- Ibuprofen 400 mg 3 times daily
Resting joints is needed in acute conditions. In osteoarthritis the patient needs to improve posture, reduce weight or do physiotherapy.
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