The mutated Corona virus makes the types varian 501Y.V2 and varian P.1

Phylogenetic cases of reinfection of the SARS-CoV-2 variant have been reported.

Reinfection can result in several things :

• Limitation of immunity induced by primary infection.
• The ability of the virus is good in avoiding the immune response due to previous infections.

The mutation of the corona virus variant VOC 202012/01 occurred in the United Kingdom and South Africa in December 2020. This mutation of the virus attracted worldwide attention, namely the 501Y.V2 variant and the P.1 variant. 

Case reports of mutations for corona virus variants 501Y.V2 and P.1 :

• 18 December 2020 ➡️ South Africa reports emergence and transmission of variants 501Y.V2 or B.1.351. This variant has several mutations in common with variant B.1.1.7 which appeared since October 2020.
• As of January 13, 2021, South Africa has recorded 349 cases of 501Y.V2.
• Since 19 January 2021, there have been 570 cases of mutation of the 501Y.V2 variant in 23 countries, including Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Austria, Norway, Sweden, South Africa, United Kingdom, Australia, Botswana, Canada, China, Switzerland, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Zambia.
• January 10, 2021, Japan reported cases of COVID-19 which had an association with the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 on returned travelers who had recently returned from Brazil.
• This mutation has spread rapidly in Manaus, this number is expected to continue to increase following the massive increase in the number of corona cases in Brazil.
• January 18, 2021, South Korea reported one case of variant P.1 in a returned traveler who returned from Brazil.

ECDC's Epidemic Intelligence always monitors the situation and records changes in a global sequence database. There have been no reports of mutations for the 501Y.V2 and P.1 variants in the EU / EEA alliance of countries until 19 January 2021.

The characteristics of the new variant of the corona virus.

Variant B.1.351 (20H / 501Y.V2) ➡️

• Has multiple mutations in spike proteins, including K417T, E484K, N501Y.
• This variant has no 69 / 70.3 deletions. 
• This variant was first identified in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa and Zambia.
• To date there is no evidence to suggest that this new variant has any impact on disease severity.
• Mathematical models estimate the 501Y.V2 virus transmitted 50% faster than the previous variant in South Africa.
• There is evidence that one of the spike protein mutations, E484K, can affect the neutralization of some polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
• Until now, it is not known the impact of the new variant virus on diagnostic tests.
• Although it does not have 69-70 deletions as observed in VOC 202012/01, there are deletions in the residue 242-244.

Variant P.1 (20J / 501Y.V3) ➡️

• Variant P.1 is a branch of the B.1.1.28 lineage first reported by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) in Japan.
• The P.1 lineage contains 17 unique amino acid changes and 3 deletions.
• This variant contains three mutations in the spike protein receptor binding domain: K417T, E484K, and N501Y.
• There is evidence that some P.1 variant mutations can affect the transmissibility and antigen profile, thereby affecting the ability of antibodies produced through previous natural infection or through vaccination to recognize and neutralize the virus.
• There are no reports of the effect of variant P.1 on the success of diagnostic tests.

Conclusion.

1. A Covid-19 mutation was found that attracted the world's attention, namely the 501Y.V2 variant and the P.1 variant. 
2. The 501Y.V2 variant was first identified in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Several cases have also been recorded outside of South Africa.
3. Mathematical models estimate 501Y.V2 transmits 50% faster than previous variants of the virus.
4. One of the spike protein mutations, E484K, in the 501Y.V2 variant can affect the neutralization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
5. Variant P.1 was first reported by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) in Japan.
6. Variant P.1 contains three mutations in the spike protein receptor binding domain: K417T, E484K, and N501Y.
7. Mutation of the P.1 variant can affect the transmissibility and antigen profile, thereby affecting the ability of antibodies produced through previous natural infection or through vaccination to recognize and neutralize the virus.