Doctor MJ

Pertussis is a bacterial infection of the lungs and respiratory tract that is easily transmitted. Pertussis can be deadly if it affects the elderly and babies who have not received the pertussis vaccine. Pertussis is characterized by a persistent loud cough that begins with a deep breath through the mouth (whoop). A person can have whooping cough for 3 months or commonly known as a hundred days cough. Whooping cough can make sufferers lack oxygen in the blood and develop complications of pneumonia. In certain cases, the sufferer's ribs were injured due to a very hard cough. Pertussis can spread quickly, so a vaccine is needed to prevent transmission. The bacteria are spread through the discharge when you cough or sneeze. Symptoms. Pertussis symptoms will appear between 7-21 days after the bordetella pertussis bacteria enter the respiratory tract. The first stage (early symptoms) ➡ Mild symptoms : Runny and stuffy nose. Sneezing. Watery eyes. Sore t...

Mongolian spots (Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis) is blue patches on the skin that appear when a baby is born. These patches appear on the buttocks, back, hands or feet. Blue patches are formed from a collection of melanocytes or pigments on the skin. Mongol spots are common among dark-skinned babies. The cause of the appearance of Mongol spots is uncertain and is not dangerous. Mongol spots will disappear after the child is four years old. Symptoms. Symptoms that mark Mongol spot are : Appears on normal skin texture. Size 2-8 cm. Blue or grayish blue. It occurs on the buttocks, back, shoulders, feet, hands or other parts of the body. Flat and irregular patch shape. Mongol spots appear when the baby is born. The difference between Mongol spots and bruises is that bruises will disappear in a matter of days, whereas Mongol spots don't go away after a few years. Cause. Mongol spots occur when melanocytes, or melanin cells, become trapped in the skin ...

Hemoptysis is a condition when a person coughs with blood. Coughing up blood is a symptom that arises from certain diseases. The kinds of hemoptysis : Soft red or dark red in color. Foamy texture or mixed with mucus. Blood usually comes from the lungs as a result of infection or coughing for a long time. Blood that is dark in color and accompanied by a black stain such as coffee grounds may come from the digestive tract. Conditions that require immediate medical attention : Cough accompanied by phlegm mixed with blood. Cough with a large volume of blood. Coughing up blood accompanied by decreased appetite and weight. Coughing up blood with shortness of breath, fever> 38 ° C, dizziness, night sweats and chest pain. Coughing up blood with urine or feces mixed with blood. Coughing up blood for more than a week. Coughing up blood often appears and goes away. Cause. Conditions that cause hemoptysis: Bronchitis : inflammation of the lung tissue. Br...

Chronic cough is a cough that lasts for a long time, up to two months or more in adults and one month or more in children. Chronic cough is not a disease, but a symptom of another health problem. Non stop coughing can cause : Poor sleep quality. Disrupt the balance of the body. Interferes with daily activities. 10%-20% of chronic cough cases experienced by adults are known to be triggered by genetic hypersensivity (atopy) and exposure to cigarette smoke. Chronic cough types : Chronic dry cough ➡ a cough that does not produce mucus and is usually a symptom of a sinus problem or viral infection. Chronic wet cough ➡ a cough that produces mucus and indicates a bacterial or fluid infection in the lungs (depending on the color of the mucus). Stress cough ➡ a cough that occurs due to spasms of the airways, generally caused by stress or stress. This cough does not produce mucus and is not associated with any infection. Barking cough ➡ cough caused by this viral ...

Barotrauma is tissue damage due to the difference in pressure in the body with the pressure of the surrounding air. The most common barotrauma is ear barotrauma. Ear barotrauma occurs when the eardrum is tensed and pulled due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the ear. Normally the air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum should be the same so that it can function properly. The air pressure in the ear is regulated by the eustachian tube, which is located behind the eardrum. When the eustachian tube becomes blocked, there is a difference in pressure on the inside and outside of the ear. Barotauma ear is characterized by pressure on the eardrum so that it feels pain and hearing loss. Ear barotrauma is common when boarding an airplane. Changes in the plane's altitude can quickly trigger barotitis media. The same thing can happen when diving. The deeper you dive, the higher the air pressure, which will make your ears feel uncomfortable. Children ...

Balanitis is inflammation of the tip of the head of the penis (glans penis) caused by many things. Balanitis also causes inflammation of the skin covering the penis or on the penis that is not preputium. Many causes of balanitis : Fungi infection. Bacterial infection. Sexually transmitted disease. Skin irritation. Skin disorders. Balanitis can occur at any age. Cases that often occur in children aged < 4 years and adult men who do not prepuce. Symptoms. Symptoms of balanitis : Redness of the head of the penis. Whole red or red patches. Ulcers on the penis. Irritation. The penis feels hard, dry or stiff. The head of the penis is swollen. Pain. Sometimes a thick discharge from under the prepuce that smells due to anaerobic bacterial infection or streptococcus sp. Discomfort when urinating. It is difficult to withdraw the prepuce (phimosis). Impotence. Causes lymphoadenopathy. It is difficult to insert a Foley catheter. Itchy. Fev...

Bacteremia is a large amount of bacteria in the bloodstream that cause infection.  In normal condition, the amount of bacteria in the bloodstream is low and the body's immune system can quickly eliminate bacteria. If bacteria persist for a long time in large numbers in the bloodstream, this condition can lead to serious infection up to sepsis. Bacteremia that causes infection is easily experienced by people with weak immune systems. Symptoms. Bacteremia that is only temporary and does not cause infection, will not cause symptoms or only fever that can heal itself without treatment. Bacteremia that cause infection and even sepsis can cause symptoms, such as : Fever. Shivering. Heart beat. Low blood pressure. Quick breath. Diarrhea. Vomiting and nausea. Abdominal pain. Weak body. Dizzy. Rash all over body. Loss of appetite. Cause. Bacteria can enter the bloodstream spontaneously, such as when you brush your teeth or through the food you eat.  ...

Avascular necrosis is bone tissue that dies from a lack of blood supply. Initially avascular necrosis was asymptomatic. However, the joints will feel painful when moving or lying down. Severe pain will be felt in the joints that hold body weight, such as joints in the groin area or buttocks. In addition, pain can also be felt in : Shoulder. Knee. Hand. Feet. The pain may increase due to microfractures or small cracks in the bone. This condition causes bone death and joint damage that develops into arthritis. Cause. Avascular necrosis occurs due to disorders resulting in a lack of blood supply to the bones. Disorders that can reduce the blood supply to bones include : Joint or bone injuries ➡ Injuries such as joint dislocations result in : The blood vessels around the bone are damaged. Fat accumulates in the blood vessels, thus closing small blood vessels and blocking blood supply to the bones. Corticosteroid use ➡ This condition can occur in people ...

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a condition that is unable to properly process sounds that are heard due to an error in coordination between the ear and the brain. This condition results in sufferers often misinformation. This disorder is not the same as being deaf. Auditory Processing Disorder generally occurs since childhood and cases in boys are more than girls. Cause. The cause of Auditory Processing Disorder (PPE) is unknown. The trigger factors : Glue ear. Genetic. Premature birth. Head injury. Brain hemorrhage. Brain tumor. Meningitis. Stroke. Multiple sclerosis. Jaundice. Lead poisoning. Symptoms. Auditory Processing Disorder (PPE) Symptoms : Difficulty understanding conversation, especially in crowded places. Difficulty distinguishing words with similar sounds. Difficulty to find a sound source. Difficulty remembering commands. It's hard to enjoy music. Auditory Processing Disorder is associated with other diseases, such ...

Atherosclerosis is narrowing and thickening of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. Plaque buildup occurs because the lining of the inner wall cells of the artery (endothelium) is damaged. Endothelium functions to maintain the smooth flow of blood. Plaque that causes atherosclerosis : Cholesterol. Fat. Calcium. Fibrin (substance in the blood). Plaque can be carried by the bloodstream causing blockages or forming blood clots on the surface of the plaque. This condition causes the circulation of blood and oxygen from the arteries to the organs of the body to be obstructed. Atherosclerosis can occur in any part of the body, such as : Brain. Kidney. Feet. Symptoms. Symptoms of atherosclerosis will be felt when the arteries are severely narrowed and block blood circulation to the tissues or organs of the body. Symptoms of atherosclerosis in the hands and feet : causing pain when walking (claudication). Symptoms of atheroscleros...

Atelectasis is a condition in which part or one of the lung lobes is not functioning, the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are collapsed so that it interferes with respiratory function. Alveolar tissue damage due to atelectasis depends on the cause. Patients who have a history of respiratory disease, the appearance of atelectasis can exacerbate breathing difficulties and reduce oxygen levels in the blood. 2 types of atelectasis : Obstructive atelectasis ➡ the most common type of atelectasis. Occurs because the channel between the trachea (throat) and the alveoli is blocked, so that carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by the blood in the alveoli. Obstructive atelectasis can result from tumors, foreign bodies or mucous obstruction of the mucosa. Obstructive atelectasis can occur in large (lobular) and small (segmental) bronchi. Non-obstructive atelectasis ➡ Relaxation atelectasis : occurs when the inner membrane of the lungs (visceral pleura) loses contact with the ...

Friedreich's ataxia is a degenerative neurological disease that affects the nervous system and heart. Friedreich's ataxia is genetic and is inherited via autosomal chromosomes with recessive genes. This disease is associated with cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disorders) and diabetes. Friedreich's ataxia was identified by Nikolaus Friedreich in 1863. The gen that causes it was discovered in 1996. Nerve degeneration due to Friedreich's ataxia will cause : It's hard to walk. Loss of taste. Loss of control of hand and foot movements. It's hard to speak. Until now, Friedreich's ataxia is not treatable. Treatment only aims to control the symptoms that appear. Friedreich's ataxia is progressive and can cause death. Symptoms. The symptoms of Friedreich's ataxia appear before the age of 20, such as : Instability when walking. Arches in the soles of the feet (scoliosis pes cavus). Clubfoot. Visual disturbances. Hearing dis...

Astigmatism (cylindrical defect) is a vision disorder caused by a defect in the curvature of the lens or cornea that causes distorted vision. Astigmatism usually occurs from birth, but can also be caused by eye injury or complications from eye surgery. Astigmatism can cause headaches and tired eyes. Cause. Astigmatism is caused by the lens or cornea that is not smooth so that light entering the eye becomes out of focus when transmitted to the retina. Types of astigmatism : Corneal astigmatism ➡ is caused by defects in the cornea. Lenticular astigmatism ➡ is caused by defects in the lens. Regular astigmatism ➡ when one side of the cornea is more curved than the other. Can be treated with the help of glasses or eye lenses. Irregular astigmatism ➡ when the cornea is uneven not only on one side, but across the surface of the cornea. This condition is due to an injury that leaves a wound on the cornea. Can be treated with the help of contact lenses, but not ...

Aspergillosis is a group of diseases caused by the aspergillus fungus. This disease affects the respiratory system and can spread to other parts of the body, such as : Skin. Eye. Sinus. The majority of fungi are harmless, but some types of fungi can cause serious illness when the spores are inhaled by humans with disorders : Immune system. Lung disease. Asthma. Symptoms. Aspergillosis is characterized by different symptoms, depending on the type of disease. Three types of aspergillosis : Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ➡ a type of aspergillosis caused by allergies when inhaling aspergillus particles. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis attacks people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Characterized by symptoms of fever, cough with phlegm or coughing up blood. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (aspergilloma) ➡ Long-term infection affecting people with lung diseases, such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cha...

Ascites is a condition when there is fluid in the abdominal cavity (between the inner abdominal wall and the organs in the stomach). This condition is caused by several diseases, such as : Liver disease. Cancer. Kidney illness. Heart disease. Cause. Ascitic fluid is formed from transudative fluid and exudative fluid. The two types of fluids contain different levels of protein. Transudative fluid : has a protein content < 2.5 g / mL. Exudative fluid : has a protein content of ≥ 2.5 g / mL. To determine the cause of ascites, division according to the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG). The causes of ascites are divided into : Portal hypertension increased blood pressure in the blood vessels leading to the liver (portal vein system).  Portal hypertension can be caused by : Liver disease. Cirrhosis. Heart cancer. Heart. Heart valve disease that separates the right ventricle of the heart from the right atrium (tricuspid valve). Pericarditis...