Hemoptysis is a condition when a person coughs with blood. Coughing up blood is a symptom that arises from certain diseases.
The kinds of hemoptysis :
- Soft red or dark red in color.
- Foamy texture or mixed with mucus.
- Blood usually comes from the lungs as a result of infection or coughing for a long time.
- Blood that is dark in color and accompanied by a black stain such as coffee grounds may come from the digestive tract.
Conditions that require immediate medical attention :
- Cough accompanied by phlegm mixed with blood.
- Cough with a large volume of blood.
- Coughing up blood accompanied by decreased appetite and weight.
- Coughing up blood with shortness of breath, fever> 38 ° C, dizziness, night sweats and chest pain.
- Coughing up blood with urine or feces mixed with blood.
- Coughing up blood for more than a week.
- Coughing up blood often appears and goes away.
Cause.
Conditions that cause hemoptysis:
- Bronchitis : inflammation of the lung tissue.
- Bronchiectasis : lung disease accompanied by a buildup of mucus in the airways.
- Pulmonary infection : lung infection causes coughing up blood, discharge with yellowish or purulent phlegm, shortness of breath with fever.
- Pulmonary edema : fluid buildup in the lungs. The blood that comes out when coughing has a foamy texture and is pink in color.
- Pulmonary embolism : blood clots in the lungs. This condition causes sudden coughing of blood, chest pain and shortness of breath.
- Tuberculosis : a class of severe lung infections.
- Lung cancer : characterized by coughing up blood and shortness of breath.
- Serious injury : due to accident or hit by a weapon.
- Autoimmune diseases : lupus, Wegener's granulomatosis or Churg-Strauss syndrome.
- Congestive heart failure : mainly due to mitral stenosis.
- Prolonged severe cough.
- Side effects of blood thinners.
- Drug use side effects.
- Bronchial varices : coughing up blood occurs due to rupture of bronchial varices in people with cirrhosis of the liver and other conditions of portal hypertension.
- Bleeding in the throat, mouth or nose mixed with saliva.
Diagnosis.
- Measure the level of bleeding.
- Symptoms and medical history of the patient.
- Examination of sputum samples.
- Blood check.
- Blood chemistry tests.
- Oxymetry : measuring the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in theah.
- Coagulation test : measures blood clotting.
- Chest x-ray to identify problems with the airways and lungs.
- CT-scan.
- Urine examination.
Treatment.
- Hemoptysis treatment is based on the cause.
- Administration of antibiotics for lung infections caused by bacteria (tuberculosis or pneumonia).
- Steroid administration if coughing up blood is caused by inflammation.
- Radiation therapy or chemotherapy if coughing up blood is caused by lung cancer.
- Bronchial artery embolization if coughing up blood occurs due to bleeding in the artery.
- Surgery to cough up blood due to surgical removal of the lung in severe lung disease.
- Bronchoscopy stops bleeding.
Prevention.
Most coughing up blood is caused by abnormalities in the airways and lungs. Prevention can be done by using safe cough medicine and appropriate action to overcome the factors that cause it.
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