Pituitary adenomas is tumors of the central nervous system that attack the pituitary gland. This type of tumor often occurs and attacks adults aged 30-40 years. Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms in 10%-15% of intracranial masses.
The pituitary gland consists of an anterior and a posterior part. Pituitary adenomas originate from one of the anterior cell types. Symptoms depend on which anterior pituitary cells are affected.
Types of anterior pituitary cells :
- Corticotrope.
- Thyrotrope.
- Gonadotropes.
- Somatotrope.
- Lactotrope.
Pituitary adenomas is generally slow growing and rarely develop into malignant tumors. Genetic mutations are one of the causes of this disease, including :
- Germline mutation.
- Somatic mutation.
- Mosaic mutation.
Pituitary adenomas depend on which cells are affected.
Corticotrope cell type ️➡️
Secretion of hormones : Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Clinical syndrome : Cushing
Symptom :
- Unstable mood
- Weak proximal muscles
- Changes in facial characteristics
- Gaining weight
- Depression
- Hirsutism
- Libido down
- Menstrual changes
Sign :
- Thin skin
- Striae
- Bruises
- Central obesity
- Moon face
- Glucose intolerance
- Neutrophilia
- Lymphocytopenia
- Eosinopenia
Gonadotrope cell type ️➡️
Secretion of hormones :
- Luteinizing hormone
- Alpha and beta subunits
Clinical syndrome : no specific syndrome
Symptom :
- Symptoms of mass effect
- Hypopituitarism, non-functioning
Lactotrope cell type ️➡️
Secretion of hormones : Prolactin hormone
Clinical syndrome : Hyperprolactinemia
Symptom :
- Galactorrhea
- Libido down
- Infertility
- Gynecomastia
- Impotence
- Oligomenorrhea
- Amenorrhea
Sign :
- Gynecomastia
- Hypogonadism
Somatotrope cell type ️➡️
Secretion of hormones : growth hormone
Clinical syndrome :
- Acromegaly
- Gigantism
Symptom :
- Enlarged hands and feet
- Changes in facial structure
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Hyperhidrosis
- Tired
- Weak proximal muscles
- Libido down
- Menstrual changes
Sign :
- Hypertension
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Cardiomyopathy
- Visceromegaly
- Hypercalciuria
- Goiter
Thyrotrope cell type ️➡️
Secretion of hormones : Thyroid Stimulation Hormone
Clinical syndrome : Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms : Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
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