Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Occurs due to changes in the nature of bacteria so that they can no longer be killed. The process of healing the disease becomes difficult, takes a long time and the disease is more easily spread.
Gonorrhea infection is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotic resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae has been around for 80 years. Gonorrhea is one of the pathogens that is threatened with antibiotic resistance.
Epidemiology.
Gonorrhea infection is curable, but its prevalence continues to increase. Gonorrhea infection is caused by :
- Don't use condoms.
- Increased urbanization.
- Lack of education.
- Failed therapy in infected persons.
- Gonorrhea infection can cause localized outbreaks and spread rapidly.
WHO no longer recommends the use of these antibiotics as a treatment for gonorrhea infections :
- Penicillin.
- Tetracycline.
- Ciprofloxacin.
- Azithromycin.
- Extended Spectrum Cephalosporins.
Prevention and control efforts are very important to reduce the level of antimicrobial resistance of gonorrhea.
Prevention that can be done by :
- Identification of gonorrhea cases.
- Partner notifications to prevent the spread of resistance.
- Report any cases of resistance to cefixime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin.
- Penicillins and tetracyclines should be discontinued (high resistance).
- Quinolones are not recommended unless the resistance level is < 5%.
- All sexual partners (within 60 days) should be given therapy.
- No sexual intercourse 3 days after completion of therapy and asymptomatic.
Culture examination was carried out 3 days after completion of therapy in patients who experienced :
- Pharyngeal infection.
- Persistent symptoms.
- Case on empiric quinolone therapy, relapsed.
- When antibiotic resistance is suspected.
- Cases of gonorrhoeae in children.
- Case of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
- Follow-up after 6 months of therapy.
- Patient education about gonorrhea infection and its sequelae, risk factors, importance of therapy and attention to antibiotic resistance.
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