Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare manifestation of localized extrapulmonary disease. Generally occurs in women of reproductive age, multipara, breastfeeding and occurs because of resistance of breast tissue to mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis of the breast is rare because the organs or breast tissue are more resistant to infection, making multiplication of tubercle bacilli difficult. But the disease must remain aware. Immunodeficiencies such as HIV infection are at risk of causing breast tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis of the breast usually affects women aged 20-50 years with an increased risk in breastfeeding women. Breastfeeding women have an increased blood supply to the breast and dilated ducts, making the breast tissue more susceptible to lacerations and infection.
Tuberculosis of the breast is classified into three types :
- Nodular variety.
- Disseminated.
- Sclerosis.
Classification of breast tuberculosis (McKeown and Wilkinson) :
- Nodular tubercular mastitis.
- Disseminated or confluent tubercular mastitis.
- Sclerosing tubercular mastitis.
- Tuberculous mastitis obliterans.
- Acute miliary tubercular mastitis.
McKeown and Wilkinson classify breast tuberculosis as :
Primary tuberculosis ️ ➡️ when the breast lesion is the only manifestation of tuberculosis.
Secondary tuberculosis ️➡️ when there is a demonstrable focus of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body.
Symptoms.
- Nodular form.
- Clear caseous lesions.
- No pain.
- Slow growing in the breast.
- Cold breast abscess without inflammation.
Diagnosis.
- The diagnosis of breast tuberculosis is carried out using highly sensitive techniques such as PCR to ensure early diagnosis.
- Mammography.
- Ultrasound.
This disease can be cured with OAT and surgery is rarely needed.
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