Aortic Aneurysm is a condition of the appearance of a bump on the aortic wall or weakening of the aortic wall. Aorta is the main and largest blood vessel in the human body, serves to drain blood that contains a lot of oxygen from the heart throughout the body.
Aortic aneurysm can cause aortic wall rupture and bleeding to the risk of death.
Type of aortic aneurysm :
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm ➡ enlargement or lumps occur at the bottom of the aorta.
- Thoracal aortic aneurysm ➡ enlargement occurs in the upper aorta.
- Torako-abdominal aortic aneurysm ➡ enlargement occurs between the top and bottom of the aorta.
Risk factors :
- Smoke.
- Age > 65 years.
- Hypertension.
- Suffering from atherosclerosis.
- Have a family history of suffering from aortic aneurysm.
- Men.
- Fair skin.
- Suffered from Marfan syndrome or other genetic disorders.
The symptoms.
Aortic aneurysm is difficult to detect because it develops slowly and without symptoms.
Symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm :
- Constant pain in the stomach or on the side of the stomach.
- Back pain.
- Pulsation around the navel.
Symptoms of thoracic aortic aneurysm :
- Cough.
- Hoarseness.
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest pain.
- Back pain.
Cause.
The cause of aortic aneurysm is not known with certainty. But there are several trigger factors :
- Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
- Infection in the aorta or other body parts that are not treated.
- Genetic disorders.
- Injury.
Diagnosis.
- Abdominal ultrasound examination.
- Chest radiograph.
- CT scan.
- MRI.
- Genetic examination.
Treatment.
- The goal of treatment of aortic aneurysms is to prevent rupture of aortic blood vessels.
- Routine medical examination to monitor the development of aneurysms.
- Surgery if the aneurysm is measuring 5-5.5 cm or larger.
- Take a damaged part of the aorta and replace it with a synthetic tube.
- Endovascular surgery : attach a synthetic graft to the end of the catheter that will be inserted into the aorta through an artery in the patient's leg.
- Provision of drugs to reduce the risk of aneurysm complications.
- Heart valve repair surgery.
Symptoms of aortic wall rupture :
- Severe pain in the abdomen, chest or back.
- Hard to breath.
- Low blood pressure.
- Pain spreads to the back or legs.
- Sweating a lot.
- Shortness of breath.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- Nausea.
- Dizzy.
- Heart beats fast.
- Limp body.
- Partial paralysis.
- Difficult to talk.
- Lost consciousness.
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