Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid substances gather in the organs of the body. Amyloid is an abnormal protein produced in the bone marrow and can accumulate in body tissues or organs. Amyloid which accumulates will affect organ function and shape.
Organs commonly affected by amyloidosis :
- Heart.
- Lymph.
- Liver
- Digestive tract.
- Kidney.
- Nervous system.
Risk factors for amyloidosis :
- Male gender, the majority of people with amyloidosis are men.
- Elderly.
- Suffer from other diseases that cause chronic infection or inflammation.
- Heredity
- Dialysis: when dialysis, abnormal proteins can accumulate in the blood, then accumulate in body tissues.
- African race.
Cause.
Amyloid accumulation of substances produced by the bone marrow.
- Primary amyloidosis or AL amylodiosis (immunoglobulin light chain amylodiosis) ➡ occurs when the bone marrow produces abnormal antibodies that cannot be broken down. Primary amyloidosis can attack the heart, kidneys, skin, nerves and liver.
- Secondary amyloidosis or AA amylodiosis ➡ occurs together with chronic infectious or inflammatory diseases, such as lupus, tuberculosis, or Crohn's disease.
- Organ-specific amylodiosis ➡ causes amyloid buildup in one specific organ, including the skin.
- Dialysis-related amylodiosis ➡ arises when protein in the blood builds up in the joints and tendons. This condition causes stiffness, pain and accumulation of fluid in the joints. This type of amyloidosis is felt by patients who have dialysis for a long period of time.
- Senile systemic amylodiosis ➡ usually affects older men. This type of amylodiosis causes amyloid buildup in the heart and other tissues.
- Genetic amyloidosis ➡ genetic disorders that affect the liver, nerves, heart and kidneys. Several types of genetic disorders can increase the risk of amyloidosis.
Diagnosis.
- Laboratory tests : blood, urine, thyroid gland and liver function tests.
- Biopsy : take tissue samples for examination. Biopsy is performed on the part of abdominal fat, bone marrow or organs. Tissue analysis can determine the type of amyloid that accumulates.
- X-ray test.
Treatment.
- Primary amyloidosis ➡ chemotherapy drugs for multiple myeloma used to treat primary amyloidosis. The function of the drug is to stop the growth of abnormal cells that produce amyloid.
- Secondary amyloidosis ➡ treat diseases that cause amyloidosis.
- Amyloidosis derived from liver transplants, because the protein that causes this type of amyloidosis is produced in the liver.
- Dialysis-related amylodiosis ➡ change the type of blood washing or kidney transplantation. To help relieve the symptoms of amyloidosis, you can do a low-salt diet and give medicines, such as diuretic drugs, blood-thinning drugs, drugs to control heart rate, pain relievers.
Complications.
- Heart damage.
- Kidney damage.
- Damage to the nervous system.
- Patients will feel pain, numbness in the fingers.
- Burning sensation in the toes or soles of the feet.
- Constipation and diarrhea.
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