Amubiasis is a disease caused by intestinal protozoa. These protozoa live in the colon, causing acute and chronic inflammation called intestinal amubiasis. If left untreated intestinal amubiasis will spread outside the intestine and cause extra-intestinal amubiasis.
Causes of : entamoeba histolytica
Clinical overview :
- The average incubation period is 2 - 4 weeks.
- Acute colonic amubiasis or amoebic dysentery gives symptoms of dysentery syndrome which is a collection of symptoms consisting of slimy and bleeding stools, anal tenesmus, abdominal pain and sometimes accompanied by fever.
- In chronic amubiasis, patients complain of abdominal pain and diarrhea interspersed with constipation.
- In extraintestinalis amubiasis sometimes found a history of intestinal amubiasis.
- Patients with liver amubiasis are usually fever, enlarged heart accompanied by abdominal tenderness especially in the upper right area, sweating, no appetite, weight loss and jaundice.
- Cutaneous and perineal amubiasis causes ulcers whose edges reverberate, while amubiasis vaginalis causes leukorrhea with blood and mucous patches.
Diagnosis.
- Acute colonic amubiasis : finding E. histolytica in the form of histolitica in liquid stool.
- Chronic colonic amubiasis : finding cystic E.histolytica in the stool. If not found, stool examination needs to be repeated 3 days in a row. Serological examination can be done to support the diagnosis of amubiasis.
- Liver amubiasis : finding the form of E. histolytica histolitica in abscess wall biopsy or pus aspiration. If no ameba is found, serology can be performed to support the diagnosis of amubiasis.
Treatment.
Metronidazole is the drug of choice for intestinal amubiasis and extraintestinalis. ➡ Adult dose : 500 - 750mg 3 times daily for 7-10 days.
➡ Dose for children 1 year : 50 mg / kg 3 times daily, for 7-10 days.
Extraintestinal amubiasis requires longer treatment. Therefore it needs to be referred.
Prevention.
- Prevention includes improving environmental health and personal hygiene, disinfection of vegetables and fruits that are suspected to be unclean.
- People with cysts may not work in the field of food and beverage preparation.
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