Cases of Pneumonia 2019-nCoV can have mild to severe symptoms, with the following classifications :
Uncomplicated Illness.
Non specific ➡
- Fever.
- Cough.
- Throat pain.
- Nasal congestion.
- Malaise.
- Headache.
- Muscle ache.
Mild pneumonia.
Adult :
- Mild pneumonia.
Children :
- Cough.
- Out of breath.
- Tachypnea.
- Age < 2 months : ≥ 60 times/minute.
- Age 2-11 months : ≥ 50 times/minute.
- Age 1-5 years : ≥ 40 times/minute.
Severe pneumonia.
Adult ➡ fever/under surveillance of respiratory tract infections + one of the following signs :
- Breath rate > 30 times/minute.
- Heavy breathing distress.
- Saturation O² (SpO²) < 90%.
Children ➡ cough/shortness of breath + one of the following symptoms :
- Central cyanosis / SpO² < 90%.
- Heavy breathing distress (snoring, retraction).
- Can not drink.
- Letargi.
- Awareness decreases.
- Convulsions.
- Chest wall retraction.
- Tachypnea.
- Age < 2 months : ≥ 60 times/minute.
- Age 2-11 months : ≥ 50 times/minute.
- Age 1-5 years : ≥ 40 times/minute.
- Age > 5 years : ≥ 30 times/minute.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
Adult ➡
- Mild ARDS : 200 mmHg < PaO²/FiO² ≤ 300 mmHg (with PEEP or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ≤ 5 cm H²O or unventilated).
- Medium ARDS : 100 mmHg < PaO²/FiO² ≤ 200 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H²O or unventilated.
- ARDS severe : PaO²/FiO² ≤ 100 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H²O or unventilated.
- When PaO² is not available, SpO²/FiO² ≤ 315 indicates ARDS (including unventilated patients).
Children ➡
- PaO²/FiO² ≤ 300 mmHg or SpO²/FiO² ≤ 264 : Bilevel Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) or CPAP ≥ 5 cm H²O using a full face mask.
- Mild ARDS (invasive ventilation) : 4 ≤ Oxygenation Index (OI) < 8 or 5 ≤ OSI < 7.5.
- ARDS moderate (invasive ventilation) : 8 ≤ Oxygenation Index (OI) < 16 or 7.5 ≤ OSI < 12.3.
- Severe ARDS (invasive ventilation) : Oxygenation Index (OI) ≥ 16 or OSI ≥ 12.3.
Sepsis.
- Onset : occurs or conditions worsen within 1 week.
- Chest CT scan or pulmonary ultrasonography : bilateral opacity, unexplained pleural effusion, pulmonary collapse, lobe collapse or nodules.
- Causes of edema : respiratory failure is not due to heart failure or excess fluid. An objective examination (such as echocardiography) is needed to prove that the cause of edema is not hydrostatic if no risk factors are found.
Adult ➡
- Changes in mental status/awareness.
- Out of breath.
- Low oxygen saturation.
- Urine output decreases.
- Fast heartbeat.
- Weak pulse.
- Cold extremities.
- Low blood pressure.
- Ptekie/purpura/mottled skin or laboratory results show coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, acidosis, high lactate, hyperbilirubinemia.
- Hypotension persists despite fluid resuscitation and requires vasopressors to maintain Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg and serum lactate levels > 2 mmol / L.
Children ➡
Proven infection and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria ≥ 2 and accompanied by one of :
- Abnormal body temperature.
- Abnormal white blood cell counts.
Hypotension (TDS <percentile 5 or > 2 to below normal age) or there are 2-3 of the following symptoms and signs : change in mental status/awareness of tachycardia or bradycardia.
- HR < 90 times/minute or > 160 times/minute in infants.
- HR < 70 times/minute or > 150 times/minute in children.
- Lengthening capillary refill time (> 2 seconds) or warm vasodilation with bounding pulses.
- Tachypnea.
- Mottled skin or petechial rash or purpura.
- Lactate increase.
- Oliguria.
- Hyperthermia or hypothermia.
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