Doctor MJ

The impact of negative news on social media about immunization causes doubts about vaccines, so that the immunization program is hampered. The importance of the immunization program : stimulating individual immunity and population immunity so that it can eradicate disease. The components in the vaccine : Antigen : viral-bacteria (live attenuated, inactive) subunits, toxoid. Stabilizer : MgCl², MgSO⁴. Adjuvant : Al.  Antibiotics : Neomycin.  Preservatives : Thiomersal, formaldehyde, phenol derivatives.  Vaccine route  : Oral. Intradermal. Subcutaneous. Intramuscular. Vaccines are different from drugs, vaccines are given to healthy people. Vaccine recipients must not be sick. Vaccine safety is one part of pharmacacovigilance. The use of millions of vaccine doses in each country is always monitored by WHO. Vaccine safety test : Clinical trial : Phase 1 ➡️ Phase 2 ➡️ Phase 3. Post parting surveillance : Phase 4 vaccine safety test All vaccines used up to millions of do...

Pertussis is a bacterial infection of the lungs and respiratory tract that is easily transmitted. Pertussis can be deadly if it affects the elderly and babies who have not received the pertussis vaccine. Pertussis is characterized by a persistent loud cough that begins with a deep breath through the mouth (whoop). A person can have whooping cough for 3 months or commonly known as a hundred days cough. Whooping cough can make sufferers lack oxygen in the blood and develop complications of pneumonia. In certain cases, the sufferer's ribs were injured due to a very hard cough. Pertussis can spread quickly, so a vaccine is needed to prevent transmission. The bacteria are spread through the discharge when you cough or sneeze. Symptoms. Pertussis symptoms will appear between 7-21 days after the bordetella pertussis bacteria enter the respiratory tract. The first stage (early symptoms) ➡ Mild symptoms : Runny and stuffy nose. Sneezing. Watery eyes. Sore t...

Mongolian spots (Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis) is blue patches on the skin that appear when a baby is born. These patches appear on the buttocks, back, hands or feet. Blue patches are formed from a collection of melanocytes or pigments on the skin. Mongol spots are common among dark-skinned babies. The cause of the appearance of Mongol spots is uncertain and is not dangerous. Mongol spots will disappear after the child is four years old. Symptoms. Symptoms that mark Mongol spot are : Appears on normal skin texture. Size 2-8 cm. Blue or grayish blue. It occurs on the buttocks, back, shoulders, feet, hands or other parts of the body. Flat and irregular patch shape. Mongol spots appear when the baby is born. The difference between Mongol spots and bruises is that bruises will disappear in a matter of days, whereas Mongol spots don't go away after a few years. Cause. Mongol spots occur when melanocytes, or melanin cells, become trapped in the skin ...

Hemoptysis is a condition when a person coughs with blood. Coughing up blood is a symptom that arises from certain diseases. The kinds of hemoptysis : Soft red or dark red in color. Foamy texture or mixed with mucus. Blood usually comes from the lungs as a result of infection or coughing for a long time. Blood that is dark in color and accompanied by a black stain such as coffee grounds may come from the digestive tract. Conditions that require immediate medical attention : Cough accompanied by phlegm mixed with blood. Cough with a large volume of blood. Coughing up blood accompanied by decreased appetite and weight. Coughing up blood with shortness of breath, fever> 38 ° C, dizziness, night sweats and chest pain. Coughing up blood with urine or feces mixed with blood. Coughing up blood for more than a week. Coughing up blood often appears and goes away. Cause. Conditions that cause hemoptysis: Bronchitis : inflammation of the lung tissue. Br...

Chronic cough is a cough that lasts for a long time, up to two months or more in adults and one month or more in children. Chronic cough is not a disease, but a symptom of another health problem. Non stop coughing can cause : Poor sleep quality. Disrupt the balance of the body. Interferes with daily activities. 10%-20% of chronic cough cases experienced by adults are known to be triggered by genetic hypersensivity (atopy) and exposure to cigarette smoke. Chronic cough types : Chronic dry cough ➡ a cough that does not produce mucus and is usually a symptom of a sinus problem or viral infection. Chronic wet cough ➡ a cough that produces mucus and indicates a bacterial or fluid infection in the lungs (depending on the color of the mucus). Stress cough ➡ a cough that occurs due to spasms of the airways, generally caused by stress or stress. This cough does not produce mucus and is not associated with any infection. Barking cough ➡ cough caused by this viral ...

Barotrauma is tissue damage due to the difference in pressure in the body with the pressure of the surrounding air. The most common barotrauma is ear barotrauma. Ear barotrauma occurs when the eardrum is tensed and pulled due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the ear. Normally the air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum should be the same so that it can function properly. The air pressure in the ear is regulated by the eustachian tube, which is located behind the eardrum. When the eustachian tube becomes blocked, there is a difference in pressure on the inside and outside of the ear. Barotauma ear is characterized by pressure on the eardrum so that it feels pain and hearing loss. Ear barotrauma is common when boarding an airplane. Changes in the plane's altitude can quickly trigger barotitis media. The same thing can happen when diving. The deeper you dive, the higher the air pressure, which will make your ears feel uncomfortable. Children ...

Balanitis is inflammation of the tip of the head of the penis (glans penis) caused by many things. Balanitis also causes inflammation of the skin covering the penis or on the penis that is not preputium. Many causes of balanitis : Fungi infection. Bacterial infection. Sexually transmitted disease. Skin irritation. Skin disorders. Balanitis can occur at any age. Cases that often occur in children aged < 4 years and adult men who do not prepuce. Symptoms. Symptoms of balanitis : Redness of the head of the penis. Whole red or red patches. Ulcers on the penis. Irritation. The penis feels hard, dry or stiff. The head of the penis is swollen. Pain. Sometimes a thick discharge from under the prepuce that smells due to anaerobic bacterial infection or streptococcus sp. Discomfort when urinating. It is difficult to withdraw the prepuce (phimosis). Impotence. Causes lymphoadenopathy. It is difficult to insert a Foley catheter. Itchy. Fev...